AN EVALUATION OF TREATMENT OUTCOME IN TUBERCULOSIS DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT COURSE (DOTS) FACILITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE (2004 – 2008).

AUTHOR: DR. EJIKE KENNETH NWENE 

DEPARTMENT: COMMUNITY MEDICINE

AFFILIATION: NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA

A cross sectional retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the treatment outcome in TB DOTS facilities in Anambra State General objective is to evaluate the treatment outcome in TB DOTS facilities in Anambra State. The specific objectives are to determine the TB treatment outcome in Anambra state, to determine the factors influencing the treatment outcome of TB in Anambra state, to determine the prevalence of HIV among TB patients within the state and to determine the effect of HIV on TB treatment outcome The methodology involves a cross sectional retrospective review of 980 TB patients treated in 6 out of 21 randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGA) of Anambra State from 2004 – 2008 . Data was abstracted from TB treatment cards and LGA TB registers, analyzed based on age, sex, disease classification, disease category, smear characteristics, urban/rural location, HIV status and TB treatment outcomes. Of 980 TB patients evaluated, there are 563 (57.4%) males, and 417 (42.6%) females. Of the total 980 patients, 942 (96.1%) were Pulmonary TB cases, 845(86.2%) were CAT 1 cases, 686 (70%) are sputum smear positive while 686 (70%) live in urban areas.. TB treatment outcomes were Cured 44.8% , Treatment completed 37.9% ,defaulted 8.8% , died 5.4%, failure 1.5% , transfer out 1.6% with a treatment success rate of 82.7%. Of 481 patients that were screened for HIV, 133 (27.7%) were HIV positive. Being female , age group 0-19 years, having pulmonary TB, being HIV positive , living in rural area, were associated with better TB treatment outcome In conclusion, the treatment success rate of 82.7% was achieved in this study which is better than the Nigerian program. However, these figures needs improvement to decrease mortality and morbidity associated with the disease… Higher treatment success rate was found in rural areas which supports the need and feasibility for expansion of TB DOT services to underserved rural communities.

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